Faculty
The College of Arts and Sciences has a highly diverse and accomplished faculty. The list below includes full-time assistant, associate and full professors, as well as associate and assistant teaching professors. Our Part Time Faculty brings a wide-range of professional experience and expertise to the classroom, giving students the benefit of their workplace insights.
If you you are looking for someone not listed here, please check the SU Directory, the College of Arts and Sciences instructional staff list, the faculty member's or instructor's departmental website, and then fill out our Contact form and select "web". This will generate a ticket in our ASWeb Orange Tracker queue to add them to this list.
Visit the Maxwell faculty website for information on faculty in the following areas: Department of Anthropology; Department of Economics; Department of Geography; Department of History; International Relations Program; Department of Political Science; and the Department of Sociology and Public Affairs.
Joan Bryant | Associate Professor | jobryant@syr.edu |
Horace G Campbell | Professor | hgcampbe@syr.edu |
Vlad Dima | Professor & Chair | vdima@syr.edu |
Kishi Animashaun Ducre | Associate Dean for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion | kanimash@syr.edu |
Tanisha M. Jackson | Assistant Professor | tjacks25@syr.edu |
Mario Nisbett | Visiting Assistant Teaching Professor | No email available. |
Jennifer O’Reilly | Visiting Assistant Teaching Professor | jschinde@syr.edu |
Herbert G. Ruffin II | Associate Professor | hruffin@syr.edu |
S. N. Sangmpam | Professor | snsangm@syr.edu |
Danielle Taana Smith | Professor, African American Studies, Director, Renée Crown University Honors Program | dsmith33@syr.edu |
Theo Cateforis | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies in Music History & Cultures | tpcatefo@syr.edu |
Sally J. Cornelison | Professor and Director, Florence Graduate Program in Italian Renaissance Art | sjcornel@syr.edu |
Amanda Eubanks Winkler | Professor and Department Chair | awinkler@syr.edu |
Wayne Franits | Distinguished Professor | wefranit@syr.edu |
Margaret Innes | Assistant Professor | mginnes@syr.edu |
Samuel Johnson | Carole & Alvin I. Schragis Faculty Fellow, Assistant Professor, and Director of Undergraduate Studies in Fine Arts | sjohns32@syr.edu |
Matilde Mateo | Research Associate Professor | mmmateo@syr.edu |
Ruth S. Opara | Assistant Professor | rsopara@syr.edu |
Glenn Peers | Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies in Art History | gapeers@syr.edu |
Romita Ray | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies in History of Architecture | rray@syr.edu |
Sascha Scott | Associate Professor and Director of Art History Graduate Studies | sscott04@syr.edu |
Serena Wang | Assistant Teaching Professor | swang109@syr.edu |
Yasir Ahmed-Braimah | Assistant Professor | yahmed@syr.edu |
David M. Althoff | Associate Professor | dmalthof@syr.edu |
Katie M. Becklin | Assistant Professor | kmbeckli@syr.edu |
Melanie Jane Blanden | Assistant Teaching Professor | mblanden@syr.edu |
Carlos A. Castañeda | Associate Professor | cacastan@syr.edu |
Heather D. Coleman | Associate Professor and Associate Department Chair | hcoleman@syr.edu |
Jen Cook | Assistant Teaching Professor of Neuroscience, Primary Advisor to Neuroscience ILM Students | jcook08@syr.edu |
Steve Dorus | Associate Professor | sdorus@syr.edu |
Scott Erdman | Associate Professor | seerdman@syr.edu |
Christopher W. Fernandez | Assistant Professor | cferna10@syr.edu |
Douglas A. Frank | Professor | dafrank@syr.edu |
Austin M. Garner | Assistant Professor | agarner@syr.edu |
Paul Gold | Distinguished Professor of Biology | pegold@syr.edu |
Sarah E. Hall | Associate Professor | shall@syr.edu |
Heidi Hehnly | Renée Crown Professor in the Sciences and Mathematics and Associate Professor | hhehnly@syr.edu |
James Hewett | Associate Professor | jhewett@syr.edu |
Sandra Hewett | Beverly Petterson Bishop Professor of Neuroscience and Professor of Biology, Executive Director of Neuroscience Studies, Director of Neuroscience Graduate Concentration | shewett@syr.edu |
James Hougland | Professor and Biochemistry Director | hougland@syr.edu |
Frants Havmand Jensen | Research Assistant Professor | Frants.jensen@gmail.com |
Ankita Juneja | Professor of Practice | ajuneja@syr.edu |
Donna L. Korol | Associate Professor | dlkorol@syr.edu |
Louis James (Jamie) Lamit | Assistant Professor | ljlamit@syr.edu |
Katharine (Kate) Lewis | Professor and Biology Department Chair | kelewi02@syr.edu |
Zhanjiang (John) Liu | Professor, Biology | johnliu@syr.edu |
Sarah Kathleen Lucas | Assistant Professor | sklucas@syr.edu |
Jessica MacDonald | Associate Professor | jemacdon@syr.edu |
Eleanor Maine | Professor | emmaine@syr.edu |
Vera McIlvain | Associate Teaching Professor | vamcilva@syr.edu |
Angela M. Oliverio | Assistant Professor | amoliver@syr.edu |
Susan E. Parks | Professor | sparks@syr.edu |
Melissa E. Pepling | Professor | mepeplin@syr.edu |
Ruth Phillips | Assistant Teaching Professor and Biotechnology Program Advisor | rsphilli@syr.edu |
Scott Pitnick | Weeden Professor of Biology | sspitnic@syr.edu |
Ramesh Raina | Professor | raraina@syr.edu |
Surabhi Raina | Associate Teaching Professor | sraina@syr.edu |
Mark E. Ritchie | Professor | meritchi@syr.edu |
Kari A. Segraves | Professor | ksegrave@syr.edu |
Robert B. Silver | Professor | rbsilver@syr.edu |
Roy D. Welch | Professor | rowelch@syr.edu |
Michele G. Wheatly | Professor and Special Advisor to the Chancellor | mwheatly@syr.edu |
Jason R. Wiles | Associate Professor | jwiles01@syr.edu |
Jamie Desjardins | Associate Teaching Professor and Director of Undergraduate Programs | jldesjar@syr.edu |
Karen A. Doherty | Professor | kadohert@syr.edu |
Colleen E. Gargan | Gebbie Speech-Language Clinic Director / Associate Teaching Professor | cegargan@syr.edu |
Brianna Hammerle | Assistant Teaching Professor | No email available. |
Richard T. Kelly | Visiting Assistant Professor | No email available. |
Kristen Kennedy | Assistant Teaching Professor | klkenn01@syr.edu |
Tammy Kordas | Assistant Teaching Professor | tmzubrow@syr.edu |
Anita L Lightburn | Associate Teaching Professor | alightbu@syr.edu |
Meghan Lister | Assistant Teaching Professor | mwlister@syr.edu |
Soren Y. Lowell | Professor | slowell@syr.edu |
Stephanie McMillen | Assistant Professor | smcmille@syr.edu |
Joseph T Pellegrino | Gebbie Hearing Clinic Director and Teaching Professor | jtpelleg@syr.edu |
Jonathan L. Preston | Associate Professor | jopresto@syr.edu |
Beth A. Prieve | Professor | baprieve@syr.edu |
Ellyn Riley | Associate Professor | earil100@syr.edu |
Victoria Tumanova | Associate Professor | vtumanov@syr.edu |
Kathy R. Vander Werff | Professor and Department Chair | kvander@syr.edu |
Laura Vincent | Assistant Teaching Professor | lvincent@syr.edu |
Ramani Voleti | Associate Teaching Professor, M.S., CCC-SLP, BC-ANCDS, LSVTC | rvvoleti@syr.edu |
Suzanne Baldwin | Thonis Family Professor: Thermochronology & Tectonics | sbaldwin@syr.edu |
Tripti Bhattacharya | Thonis Family Professor: Paleoclimate Dynamics. Assistant Professor. | trbhatta@syr.edu |
Elizabeth Carter | Assistant Professor (joint appointment with Civil and Environmental Engineering): Computational Hydrology | ekcarter@syr.edu |
Melissa Chipman | Assistant Professor: Arctic Paleoecology & Paleoclimate | mlchipma@syr.edu |
Daniel Curewitz | Associate Teaching Professor | dcurewit@syr.edu |
Paul Fitzgerald | Professor: Thermochronology & Tectonics | pgfitzge@syr.edu |
Gregory Hoke | Jessie Page Heroy Professor and Department Chair: Earth Surface & Tectonics | gdhoke@syr.edu |
Linda Ivany | Professor and Associate Chair: Evolutionary Paleoecology and Paleoclimate | lcivany@syr.edu |
Christopher Junium | Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies: Geobiology, Astrobiology, Paleoclimate, Paleoceanography | ckjunium@syr.edu |
Zunli Lu | Thonis Family Professor: Low-Temperature Geochemistry and Earth System Evolution | zunlilu@syr.edu |
Aaron Mohammed | Assistant Professor (joint appointment with Civil and Environmental Engineering) | aamohamm@syr.edu |
Robert Moucha | Associate Professor: Geodynamics | rmoucha@syr.edu |
Cathryn R. Newton | Professor; Dean Emerita, College of Arts and Sciences; Senior Advisor to Chancellor and Provost for Faculty Engagement : Marine Paleoecology; Modern and Ancient Extinctions | crnewton@syr.edu |
Joshua B Russell | Assistant Professor of Seismology | jbrussel@syr.edu |
Scott D. Samson | Professor: Radiogenic Isotope & Geochronology | sdsamson@syr.edu |
Christopher A. Scholz | Professor: Paleolimnology and Rift Basin Evolution | cascholz@syr.edu |
Jay Thomas | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies: Petrology and Experimental Geochemistry | jthom102@syr.edu |
Sam Tuttle | Assistant Professor: Hydroclimatology, Land Surface Hydrology, Remote Sensing, & Snow Hydrology | setuttle@syr.edu |
Tao Wen | Assistant Professor: Hydrogeochemistry, Environmental Data Science, & Noble Gas Geochemistry | twen08@syr.edu |
Mona Awad | Assistant Professor | myawad@syr.edu |
Crystal Bartolovich | Associate Professor | clbartol@syr.edu |
Dorri Beam | Associate Professor | drbeam@syr.edu |
Chanelle Benz | Associate Professor | cbenz@syr.edu |
Dympna Callaghan | William Safire Professor of Modern Letters and University Professor | dccallag@syr.edu |
Jonathan Dee | Associate Professor and Director of Creative Writing Program | jrdee100@syr.edu |
Susan Edmunds | Professor | sledmund@syr.edu |
Carol W.N. Fadda | Associate Professor | cfaddaco@syr.edu |
Chris Forster | Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies | csforste@syr.edu |
Ken Frieden | B.G. Rudolph Professor of Judaic Studies | kfrieden@syr.edu |
Mike Goode | William P. Tolley Distinguished Teaching Professor in the Humanities | mgoode@syr.edu |
Matthew Grzecki | Assistant Teaching Professor and Creative Writing Coordinator | mkgrzeck@syr.edu |
Roger Hallas | Associate Professor | rhallas@syr.edu |
Chris Hanson | Associate Professor | cphanson@syr.edu |
Sarah Harwell | Associate Teaching Professor and Associate Director of Creative Writing | scharwel@syr.edu |
Brooks Haxton | Professor | bhaxton@syr.edu |
Mary Karr | Trustee Professor and Jesse Truesdell Peck Professor of Literature | mmkarr@syr.edu |
Christopher Kennedy | Professor | ckennedy@syr.edu |
Katherine A. Kidd | Assistant Teaching Professor and English Studies Coordinator | kakidd@syr.edu |
Coran Klaver | Associate Professor and Department Chair | ccklaver@syr.edu |
Delali Kumavie | Assistant Professor | fkumavie@syr.edu |
Ethan Madarieta | Assistant Professor | ermadari@syr.edu |
Patricia Moody | Associate Professor | pamoody@syr.edu |
Patricia Roylance | Associate Professor | pjroylan@syr.edu |
George Saunders | Professor | gwsaunde@syr.edu |
Will Scheibel | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies | lscheibe@syr.edu |
Stephanie Shirilan | Associate Professor | shirilan@syr.edu |
Bruce Smith | Professor | bfsmith@syr.edu |
Dana Spiotta | Professor | dspiotta@syr.edu |
Scott Manning Stevens | Associate Professor, Director, Native American and Indigenous Studies | scsteven@syr.edu |
Harvey Teres | Professor | hmteres@syr.edu |
Antonio Tiongson | Associate Professor | attiongs@syr.edu |
Silvio Torres-Saillant | Dean's Professor | saillant@syr.edu |
Kathleen Corrado | FNSSI Executive Director | kcorrado@syr.edu |
James Crill | Professor of Practice | jcrillii@syr.edu |
Deepika Das | Assistant Teaching Professor | ddas06@syr.edu |
Ulrich Englich | Research Assistant Professor | uenglich@syr.edu |
James Hewett | Associate Professor | jhewett@syr.edu |
Michael Marciano | Research Associate Professor and Director for FNSSI Research | mamarcia@syr.edu |
Maria Pettolina | Professor of Practice | mcpettol@syr.edu |
Robert B. Silver | Professor | rbsilver@syr.edu |
James T. Spencer | Professor | jtspence@syr.edu |
Michael B. Sponsler | Professor and Director of Curricular Programs FNSSI | sponsler@syr.edu |
Gregg Lambert | Dean's Professor, Humanities: Founding Director of the Syracuse University Humanities Center in Central New York | glambert@syr.edu |
Scott Manning Stevens | Associate Professor, Director, Native American and Indigenous Studies | scsteven@syr.edu |
David Yaffe | Assistant Professor, Humanities | dyaffe@syr.edu |
Tej Bhatia | Professor of Linguistics | tkbhatia@syr.edu |
Amanda Brown | Associate Professor | abrown08@syr.edu |
Gail A. Bulman | Associate Professor | gabulman@syr.edu |
Jeffrey S. Carnes | Associate Professor | jscarnes@syr.edu |
Joseph Denn | Assistant Teaching Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | jwdenn@syr.edu |
Mona Eikel-Pohen | Associate Teaching Professor of German | meikelpo@syr.edu |
Kathryn A. Everly | Professor of Spanish Literature and Culture and Modern Foreign Language Coordinator | keverly@syr.edu |
Ken Frieden | B.G. Rudolph Professor of Judaic Studies | kfrieden@syr.edu |
Myrna García-Calderón | Associate Professor | mygarcia@syr.edu |
Stefano Giannini | Associate Professor and Interim Department Chair | giannini@syr.edu |
Christopher Green | Associate Professor | cgreen10@syr.edu |
Gerald R. Greenberg | Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Interim Chair of African American Studies, Humanities; Curriculum, Instruction, and Programs, Associate Professor, Russian and Linguistics | ggreenbe@syr.edu |
Lin Guo | Assistant Teaching Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | lguo06@syr.edu |
Erika Haber | Professor of Russian, Russian Program Coordinator and Undergraduate Advisor | ehaber@syr.edu |
Rania Habib | Professor, Arabic Program Coordinator, Linguistics and Arabic | rhabib@syr.edu |
Matthew Hammill | Assistant Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | mjhammil@syr.edu |
Meichan Huang, Ph.D. | Assistant Teaching Professor | mhuang01@syr.edu |
Jean Jonassaint | Professor, French and Francophone Studies | jjonassa@syr.edu |
Elizabeth Juarez-Cummings | Assistant Teaching Professor | enjuarez@syr.edu |
Nicole G. Karam | Assistant Teaching Professor and French Language Coordinator | ngharr01@syr.edu |
Youmie J. Kim | Assistant Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | ykim27@syr.edu |
Jaklin Kornfilt | Professor | kornfilt@syr.edu |
Robert Lally | Assistant Teaching Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | rlally@syr.edu |
Anne Leone | Assistant Professor | aleone@syr.edu |
Laura Lisnyczyj | Assistant Teaching Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | ladistef@syr.edu |
Ana Mendez-Oliver | Assistant Professor, Spanish, Hispanic Literatures and Cultures | amendezo@syr.edu |
Catherine M. Nock | Assistant Teaching Professor, Spanish | cnock@syr.edu |
Corrine Occhino | Assistant Professor | cmocchin@syr.edu |
Kenji Oda | Assistant Teaching Professor, Linguistics | koda100@syr.edu |
Cristina E. Pardo Porto | Assistant Professor | cepardop@syr.edu |
Alicia B. Ríos | Associate Professor, Spanish | abrios@syr.edu |
Denis Samburskiy | Associate Teaching Professor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) | dsamburs@syr.edu |
Adam Singerman | Assistant Professor | asingerm@syr.edu |
Lauren Surovi | Assistant Teaching Professor | lesurovi@syr.edu |
M. Emma Ticio Quesada | Associate Professor, Spanish and Linguistics | mticioqu@syr.edu |
Darwin Han-Lin Tsen | Assistant Teaching Professor of Chinese; Chinese Coordinator | dhtsen@syr.edu |
Matthieu Herman van der Meer | Associate Teaching Professor, Classics | mhvander@syr.edu |
Karina von Tippelskirch | Associate Professor, German | kvontipp@syr.edu |
Tomoko Walter | Instructor, Japanese | tmwalter@syr.edu |
Amy S. Wyngaard | Professor of French and Francophone Studies | aswyngaa@syr.edu |
Seungmin Yun | Associate Teaching Professor of English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) and Korean Program Coordinator | syun101@syr.edu |
Martín Abreu Zavaleta | Assistant Professor | mabreuza@syr.edu |
Luvell Anderson | Associate Professor | lander04@syr.edu |
Kenneth Baynes | Professor | krbaynes@syr.edu |
Ben Bradley | Allan and Anita Sutton Professor | wbradley@syr.edu |
Janice Dowell | Professor | jldowell@syr.edu |
Kevan Edwards | Associate Professor | kedwar02@syr.edu |
Verena Erlenbusch-Anderson | Associate Professor | No email available. |
Samuel Gorovitz | Professor | sgcas@syr.edu |
Mark Heller | Professor | heller@syr.edu |
Karin Nisenbaum | Renée Crown Professor in the Humanities and Assistant Professor | kanisenb@syr.edu |
Christopher Noble | Associate Professor | cinoble@syr.edu |
Hille Paakkunainen | Associate Professor and Graduate Director | hpaakkun@syr.edu |
Kara Richardson | Associate Professor and Department Chair | kricha03@syr.edu |
Michael Rieppel | Associate Professor and Undergraduate Director | morieppe@syr.edu |
Erica Houts Shumener | Assistant Professor of Philosophy | eshumene@syr.edu |
David Sobel | Irwin and Marjorie Guttag Professor of Ethics and Political Philosophy | dsobel@syr.edu |
Robert Van Gulick | Professor | rnvangul@syr.edu |
Philip P. Arnold | Associate Professor | pparnold@syr.edu |
Zachary J. Braiterman | Professor | zbraiter@syr.edu |
Virginia Burrus | The Bishop W. Earl Ledden Professor | mvburrus@syr.edu |
Gareth Fisher | Associate Professor | gfisher@syr.edu |
Ken Frieden | B.G. Rudolph Professor of Judaic Studies | kfrieden@syr.edu |
Biko Mandela Gray | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies | bmgray@syr.edu |
M. Gail Hamner | Professor | mghamner@syr.edu |
Mariaelena Huambachano | Assistant Professor | mhuambac@syr.edu |
Jeanette S. Jouili | Associate Professor | jsjouili@syr.edu |
Tazim . R Kassam | Associate Professor | tkassam@syr.edu |
Brian E. Konkol | Dean of Hendricks Chapel and Professor of Practice | bkonkol@syr.edu |
William Robert | Professor and Department Chair | wrobert@syr.edu |
Marcia Robinson | Assistant Professor | mrobin03@syr.edu |
Joanne Punzo Waghorne | Professor | jpwaghor@syr.edu |
James W. Watts | Professor and Director of Graduate Studies | jwwatts@syr.edu |
Julia Snyder | Research Assistant Professor | jjseymou@syr.edu |
John W. Tillotson | Department Chair; Associate Professor | jwtillot@syr.edu |
Himika Bhattacharya | Associate Professor and Department Chair | hbhattac@syr.edu |
PJ DiPietro | Associate Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies | pjdipiet@syr.edu |
Eunjung Kim | Associate Professor | ekim108@syr.edu |
Rebecca J. Lambert | Visiting Assistant Teaching Professor | No email available. |
Vivian M. May | Professor | vmmay@syr.edu |
Danika Medak-Saltzman | Assistant Professor | dfmedaks@syr.edu |
Chandra Talpade Mohanty | Distinguished Professor and Director of Graduate Studies | ctmohant@syr.edu |
Dana M. Olwan | Associate Professor | dmolwan@syr.edu |
Gwendolyn D. Pough | Professor | gdpough@syr.edu |
Robin L. Riley | Assistant Professor | rlriley@syr.edu |
Jiwoon Yulee | Visiting Assistant Teaching Professor | jlee388@syr.edu |
Lois Agnew | Interim Dean of A&S, Professor | lpagnew@syr.edu |
Peter Astras | Assistant Teaching Professor | pastras@syr.edu |
Rusty Bartels | Associate Teaching Professor | rrbartel@syr.edu |
Patrick W. Berry | Associate Professor | pwberry@syr.edu |
Mark Bousquet | Assistant Teaching Professor | mrbousqu@syr.edu |
Collin Gifford Brooke | Associate Professor and Department Chair | cbrooke@syr.edu |
Dan Brown | Associate Teaching Professor | dgbrown@syr.edu |
Kevin Adonis Browne | Associate Professor | browne@syr.edu |
Emily Dressing | Associate Teaching Professor and Assistant Director of Undergraduate Studies | eadefran@syr.edu |
Chris Feikes | Associate Teaching Professor | cjfeikes@syr.edu |
Timothy W. Gerken | Associate Teaching Professor | twgerken@syr.edu |
Jonna Gilfus | Associate Teaching Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies | jigilfus@syr.edu |
Lenny Grant | Assistant Professor | lfgrant@syr.edu |
Melanie Haas | Assistant Teaching Professor | mehaas@syr.edu |
Sarah Hakimzadeh | Assistant Teaching Professor | shakimza@syr.edu |
Alexandria Hanson | Assistant Teaching Professor | No email available. |
Kate Hanzalik | Associate Teaching Professor | khanzali@syr.edu |
Alicia K. Hatcher | Assistant Professor | akhatche@syr.edu |
Krista Kennedy | Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies | krista01@syr.edu |
Avi Luce | Assistant Teaching Professor | avluce@syr.edu |
Robin McCrary | Assistant Teaching Professor | rmmccrar@syr.edu |
Rae Ann Meriwether | Associate Teaching Professor | rameriwe@syr.edu |
Todd Miller | Assistant Teaching Professor | tmille03@syr.edu |
Noreen Moore | Assistant Teaching Professor | nsmoore@syr.edu |
Amy Murphy | Associate Teaching Professor | acmurphy@syr.edu |
Brice Nordquist | Associate Professor and Dean’s Professor of Community Engagement | banordqu@syr.edu |
Rajendra Panthee | Associate Teaching Professor | rkpanthe@syr.edu |
Cynthia Pope | Assistant Teaching Professor | cmpope@syr.edu |
Eileen E. Schell | Professor | eeschell@syr.edu |
Steve Schillinger | Assistant Teaching Professor | shschill@syr.edu |
Tony Scott | Associate Professor | adscot01@syr.edu |
Audrey Thompson | Assistant Teaching Professor | adthomps@syr.edu |
Steve Thorley | Assistant Teaching Professor | slthorle@syr.edu |
Sevinç Türkkan | Assistant Teaching Professor | sturkkan@syr.edu |
Joshua Wood | Assistant Teaching Professor | jwood06@syr.edu |
Akram Zouaoui | Assistant Teaching Professor | azouaoui@syr.edu |
Gregg Lambert | glambert@syr.edu |
Scott Manning Stevens | scsteven@syr.edu |
David Yaffe | dyaffe@syr.edu |
Julia Snyder | jjseymou@syr.edu |
John W. Tillotson | jwtillot@syr.edu |